Cutting tool



July 20, 1965 s. A. COGSDILL CUTTING TOOL 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Original Filed Aug. 7. 1957 Z 5 m my? .1.\\ 1| map \llll'l 4 ES a z W; 7 5 a Z a a mv/W B a W/ /4 1 w A N 2 M 2 H a 7 L} 4 Z2 mm July 20, 1965 s. A. cossDlLL CUTTING TOOL Original Filed Aug. 7. 1957 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 4. 4 7 5 J a n my W W w mm /\|llll\ l\\\ w mwdill 7 m 6 M M fid flai V f I a a J lalql 1 p H k r w i M; M w MW 1 WWW M a 7 z w .9

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CUTTING TOOL Original Filed Aug. '7, 1957 sheets sheet s E INVWOKl INEAE United States Patent 3,195,378 CUTTING TOOL Stuart A. Cogsdiil, Orchard Lake, Mich, assignor to Cogsdiil Tool Products, Inc., Oak Park, Mich, a corporation of Michigan Original application Aug. 7, 1957, Ser. No. 676,840, now Patent No. 3,021,733, dated Feb. 20, 1962. Divided and this application Dec. 26, 1961, Ser. No. 161,865

4 Claims. (Cl. 77-735) This invention relates to cutting tools and more particularly to a cutting tool for performing cutting operations on a bore of a workpiece and is a division of Serial No. 676,840, filed August 7, 1957 and now Patent No. 3,021,733.

It is one object of the invention to provide a cutting tool having a movably mounted cutting blade for machining a bore of a workpiece.

It is another object of the invention to provide a cutting tool having a fixed cutting blade in combination with a pivotally mounting cutting blade for chamfering both ends of a bore in a workpiece in one operation.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a cutting tool having an adjustable stop collar thereon for positioning a fixed and a pivotally mounted cutting tool relative to a workpiece.

It is a still further object of the invention to provide a cutting tool for machining a bore of a workpiece having an override feature that eliminates tool breakage.

It is a still further object of the invention to provide a cutting tool for machining a bore of a workpiece wherein a cutting blade is pivoted into cutting relation with the bore by a camming sleeve which can advance beyond a predetermined point without increasing the depth of cut of the cutting blade to provide an override feature.

It is a still further object of the invention to provide a cutting tool for machining a bore of a workpiece wherein the depth of cut may be adjusted.

It is a still further object of the invention to provide a cutting tool for machining a bore of a workpiece wherein the cutting blade is adapted to be pivoted into cutting relation with the bore by a camming sleeve which is rotatable to permit variation of the amount which the cutting blade is pivoted.

It is a still further object of the invention to provide a cutting tool for machining a bore of a workpiece wherein a cutting blade having a cutting edge movably mounted on the lower end thereof is adapted to be pivoted into cutting relation with the bore by a camming surface, the movably mounted cutting edge being adjustable to vary the depth of out.

Other objects and features of novelty of the present invention will be specifically pointed out or otherwise become apparent when referring, for a better understanding of the invention, to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIGURE 1 is an elevational view of the cutting tool of the present invention in cutting position;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the cutting tool illustrated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the cutting tool illustrated in FIG. 2, taken along the line 3-3 thereof;

FIG. 4 is a broken view of the cutting tool illustrated in FIG. 2, when viewed in the direction of the arroW' '4 thereof;

FIG. 5 is an elevational view of a cutting tool in cutting position illustrating another form of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view of the cutting tool illustrated in FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged sectional view of the cutting tool illustrated in FIG. 5, taken along the line 77 thereof;

3,195,378 Patented July 20, 1965 "ice FIG. 8.is a sectional view of the cutting tool illustrated in FIG. 6, taken along the line 8-8 thereof;

FIG. 9 is a broken elevational view of a cutting tool in cutting position illustrating still another form of the invention;

FIG. 10 is an enlarged sectional view of the structure illustrated in FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a sectional view of the structure illustrated in FIG. 10, taken along the line 11-l1 thereof; and

FIG. 12 is a broken elevational view of a cutting tool in cutting position illustrating still another form' of the invention.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a cutting tool embodying features of the present invention is comprised of a spindle 14 having a cutting blade 12 pivotally mounted within a slot 16 in the lower portion thereof by a pin 14. A shank 13 is slidably keyed to the upper end of the spindle 10 by a tubular pin 20 and an elongated slot 22, as is most clearly shown in FIG. 3. The upper end 24 of the shank 18 is adapted to fit within a driving arbor.

An adjustable collar 26 is screwed on threaded portion 27 of the spindle 10 anda ball bearing 30 is press fit on the lower end thereof with a rotary stop collar 28 press fit on the ball bearing. A sleeve 32 is slidably keyed to the shank 18 by a key (not shown) and has a tooth 36 which engages one of a plurality of serrations 38 on the upper end of the adjustable collar 26, as most clearly shown in FIG. 4. A spring 40 is disposed between shoulders on the sleeve 32 and the shank 18 to urge the tooth 36 into engagement with one of the serrations 38 and to resist the downward advancement of the shank 18 relative to the sleeve 32. If desired, a spring 41 may be disposed between the upper end of the spindle 1t} and the shank 18 for a purpose which will be described later, but for the embodiment being described it is not necessary. A spring 42 is mounted in the slot 16 of the spindle 10 with one end thereof bearing against the upper end of the cutting blade 12 to pivot it in a clockwise direction.

In operation, the cutting tool is advanced and rotated by the driving arbor until the rotary stop collar 28 abuts against a workpiece 44 to positionvthe cutting blade 12 relative to a bore 46 in the workpiece. Continued downward advancement of the arbor advances the shank 18 relative to the spindle 10 and a tapered surface 48 on thelower end of the shank earns the cutting blade 12 in a counterclockwise direction to move cutting edges 49 and 51 into cutting position, as shown in FIG. 2, to counterbore the lower end of the bore 46. It will be observed that the shank 13 may continue to advance relative to the spindle without increasing the depth of cut of the cutting blade since the camming action ends as soon as the tapered surface 48 loses contact with the upper end of the cutting blade. This provides a valuable override feature which prevents tool breakage in the event the driving arbor advances too far.

When the cutting action is completed, the arbor is retracted but during the initial portion of the upward movement, the spindle 10, the cutting blade 12, the tubular collar 26, the rotary collar 28, and the sleeve 32 will remain stationary until the pin 21 engages the upper end of the slot 22 in the spindle 10 because the spring 40 is under compression. At this point, the tapered surface 43 will be in abutting relation with a tapered surface 59 on the upper end of the cutting blade 12 because the spring 42 urges the cutting blade 12 in a clockwise direction. When the cutting blade 12 is pivoted clockwise by the spring 42 as the surface 48moves upwardly, the

movement of the driving arbor retracts the entire cutting tool from the bore 46. As most clearly shown in FIG.

3 l, the spindle 16 is relieved as at 47 to prevent the clogging of the cutting chips.

To adjust the position of the rotary stop collar 28 relative to the spindle 10 to position the cutting edges 49 and 51 relative to the workpiece, the sleeve 32 is moved upwardly relative to the shank 18 against the action of the sp-ring'40 until the tooth 36 clears the serrations 38 on the upper end of the adjustable collar 26. The adjustable collar 26 is then rotated on the threaded portion 27't-o the desired positionafter which the spring 46 is permitted to urge the sleeve 32 downwardly until the tooth 36 again engages one of the serrations 38 to lock the adjustable collar 26 against further rotation. I

The number of serrations 38 may be correlated with the pitch of the threaded portion 27 so that rotating the collar 26 one serration relative to the tooth 3 6 will advan'ce or retract the collar 26a predetermined distance. For example, if the threaded portion 27 has twenty threads per inch and fifty serrations 38 are provided, rotation of the collar 26 one serration advances or retracts the collar 26 one-thousandths of an inch. f course,.it is obvious that other numbers of serrations maybe come bincd with different pitches for the threaded portion 27 to vary the amount that the tubular collar 26 is advanced or retracted when rotated. I

Referring to FIGS. through 8, another embodiment of the present invention is shown comprising a spindle 52 having a shank 54 slid ably keyed thereto by a pin 56 and an elongated slot 58 in the upper end of the spindle 52. The shank 54 has an upper end 60' adapted to fit within a driving arbor, and a tapered cam surface 62 on the lower end thereof.

As previously described, a cutting blade 64 is pivotally mounted within a slot 65 in the lower end of the spindle '52 by a pin 66, and a spring 68 is provided for pivoting the cutting blade 64 in a clockwise direction. A sleeve '70 is screwed on threaded portion 71 of the spindle 52 and a set screw 72 is provided for locking it in position.

A rotary stop collar 74 having four downwardly extending projections '76 is rotatably mounted on the lower end of the sleeve 70 by a ball bearing 78', the projections 76 permitting ready access to the. parts adjacent thereto without having to disassemble the rotary collar 74.

A cutting blade 81) is disposed within a longitudinal slot 82 in the lower portion of the spindle 52 and is posi-. tioned therein by a set screw 84, as most clearly shown in FIG. 8. A portion 86 of the spindle 5-2 is made of greater diameter to provide additional support for the cutting tool 61), and a thrust collar 88 is threaded on the spindle 52 to absorb the upward thrust of the cutting r blade 86 when. it is cutting. Four holes 89 are provided at 90 intervals in the thrust collar 88 to permit a pin to pass through the holes aligned with the slot 65- to lock the thrust collar against rotation.

A spring 90 is disposed between the upper end of the spindle 52 and the shank 54, having sufiicient strength to prevent relative longitud'mal movement therebetween as the cutting blade 80 is cutting, and to permit relative longitudinal movement therebetween after the cutting blade 86 has completed its out, at which point projections 76 abut against a workpiece 92.

In operation, the cutting tool is advanced by the arbor until the, projections. 76. of the rotary collar 74 abut against the work-piece 92, at which point the lower end of the spindle 52 extends through. a bore 94 in the workever, whenthe projections 76 abut against the workpiece 9 2, the cutting blade '80 can no longer advance and the cutting blade 64is positioned relative to the workpiece 92. Further downward movement of the arbor advances the shank 54 relative to. the spindle 52 by compressing the spring and causes the tapered surface 62 on the lower end of the shank to ,cam the cutting blade 64 into cutting position, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, tocharnfer the lower end of the bore 94..

Upon the completion of the cut, the arbor is retracted and, as previously described, the spindle 52 and the parts mounted thereon remain stationary due to the compression of the spring 99 until the pin 56 engages the upper end of the slot 58 in'the spindle 52. When this occurs, the tapered surface 62 on the lower end of the shank will be in abutting relationship with a tapered surface 96 on the upper end of the cutting blade 64 which enables the lower end of the. cutting blade '64 to retract within the spindle. As the ar-bor continues to move upwardly, the entire cutting toolis withdrawn until the end of the spindle 52 clears the bore .94. It will be appreciated that both ends of the bore may bemachined ,in this manner with a relatively short length of strokeof the driving arbor, which is an extremely] advantageous feature in machine tool operations.

Referring to FIGS, a scale 98 is shown on the upper end of the sleeve 70 which cooper-ates with a line 100 on the. .sha nk'54 to provide an indication of the position of the sleeve 70 and the rotary stop collar 74. As in the case of serrations 38 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the spacing between the lines on the scale 98 may be correlated with the pitch of the threaded portion 71 on the spindle so that rotation of the sleeve 70, one division relative to the line 100 advances or retracts the sleeve 76 apredetermined distance.

The cutting blade v8t may also be incorporated in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2 so that both ends of the bore 46 can be machined in one operation. If the cutting blade 801's incorporated, the-embodiment of FIG 2 would operate in substantially thesame manner as the embodiment of FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 with the exception that the spring 40 would have to perform the function of the spring 90 of FIG. 6. To do so, the spr ing tfi would have to be somewhat stronger to resist relative movement between the shank 18 and the spindle 10 until the rotary stopcollar 28 abuts against the workpiece 44. It will be appreciated that any relative movement prior to the abutment of the rotary collar against the workpiece 44 would interfere with the cutting of the cutting blade 80.

If desired, the heavy-duty spring 41 may be disposed between the top of the spindle 10 and the shank 18 to prevent'relative movement between the spindle and the shank while the cutting tool 801s cutting and to permit relative movement therebetween after the rotary stop collar 28 abuts the workpiece. 44. If the heavy-duty spring 41 is'employed, the spring 40 need only have suflicient strength to maintain the tooth 36 in engagement with the serrations 38 on the upper end of theadjustable collar. 26'to prevent the rotation of the adjustable collar.

Referring to FIGS. 9, 10 and 11, another form of the invention is illustrated wherein a spindle is slid-ably disposed within the lower end of a shank 112 having an upper-end 114 adapted to fit within a driving arbor. The spindle .110 has a diametrical slot 116 extending substantially the length thereof and is keyed to the shank 112 by a pin 1 18'passing through the slot 116 and the wall of the shank.

A cutting blade 12% is pivotally mounted within the lower end of the slot 116 by a pin 122. A spring 124 is mounted on the spindle 119 and bears against the upper end of the cutting blade 120 to urge it clockwise, as viewed in FIG. 10, against-the inner surface of a cam- .ming'sleeve 126 slid-ably disposed on the lower end of the shank 112..

A sleeve 128 is slidably disposed over the camming sleeve 126 and has teeth 130 on the lower end thereof which cooperate with-"teeth 132 on the upper end of an adjustable collar 134 screwed onto thread 136'on the spindle 110. A ball bearing 138 is press fit on the lower end of the adjustable collar 134 and a rotary stop collar 140 having projecting skirts 142 is press fit on the ball bearing 138.

A spring 144 is disposed between an internal shoulder 146 on the sleeve 128 and an external shoulder 148 on the camming sleeve 126 to urge the sleeves apart. It will be observed that one end of the pin 118 extends through a slot 159 in the wall of the camming sleeve 126 and into an axially extending slot 152 in the wall of the sleeve 128. In this manner the sleeve 128 is keyed to the shank 112 and the spindle 110 by the pin 118 but the camming sleeve 126 is permitted to rotate through 180 relative to these elements because the slot 150 extends through 180 circumferentially about the camming sleeve 126.

It will be observed that the axis of a tapered surface 154 on the lower end of the shank 112 is displaced to the right of the axis of the spindle 111 as well as the remainder of the cutting tool, and that a bushing 156 having an off-center aperture 158 therein is provided for supporting the spindle 110. This is most clearly illustrated in FIG. 11. v

The camming sleeve 126 is adapted to be moved axially relative to the spindle 110 to cam the cutting blade 120 as previously described so that a cutting edge 158 on the lower end of the cutting blade 126 can be pivoted into cutting relation with the workpiece 160 to cut an annular groove 162, or the like, therein. By mounting the axis of the tapered surface 154 off-center relative to the axis of the spindle 110, the camming sleeve 126 may be rotated through 180 relative to the spindle 110 to vary the amount which the cutting blade 126 is pivoted in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed in FIG. 10, which, of course, in turn controls the depth of cut of the cutting edge 158. The camming sleeve 126, of course, can rotate through 180 relative to the spindle 110, shank 112, and sleeve 128, because of the circumferential slot 150 in the wall thereof.

If a greater variation in the depth of cut is desired, the cutting tool can be disassembled and reassembled with the camming element rotated through 180 so that the slot 150 would be on the left, as viewed in FIG. 10, and the pin 118 would therefore project to the left so that the other half of the tapered surface 154 would be in position to engage the upper end of the cutting blade 120 to provide a different amount of variation in the cutting depth.

It will be observed that a ring 164 is press fit on the shank 112 against a shoulder 166 thereon and that the lower end of the ring 164 has a plurality of teeth 168 which cooperate with the plurality of teeth on the upper end of the camming sleeve 126 to prevent the rotation of the camming sleeve when the teeth are engaged. It is apparent that the teeth are maintained in engagement by the force exerted by the spring 144.

Therefore, to vary the depth of cut of the cutting edge 158, the camming sleeve 126 is pulled downwardly against the action of the spring 144 so that the teeth 168 are disengaged, after which the camming sleeve 126 may be rotated relative to the spindle 110 to position the desired portion of the tapered surface 154 relative to the upper end of the cutting blade 120. The spring 144 may then be permitted to urge the camming sleeve 126 upwardly so that the teeth 168 re-engage to lock the camming sleeve in this position. Also, a predetermined number of teeth 168 may be provided and correlated with the tapered surface 154 to provide an indication of the change in depth of cut of the cutting edge 158. Once this adjustment has been made, the cutting tool operates in substantially the same manner as the cutting tool illustrated in FIG. 2.

To vary the position of the cutting edge 158 relative to the workpiece 162, the adjustable stop collar 134 may be adjusted in a similar manner as the adjustable stop collar 126 of FIG. 2. This comprises simply lifting the sleeve 128 against the action of the spring 144 to disengage the teeth 130 and 132 to permit the adjustable stop collar 134 to be rotated on the thread 136 of the spindle 110. This changes the position of the skirts 142 relative to the spindle to vary the amount the spindle may enter the bore of the workpiece before the skirts 142 strike the workpiece to halt the downward advancement of the spindle. Continued advancement of the driving arbor will then advance the camming sleeve 126 relative to the spindle 111) and the sleeve 128 by compressing spring 144. As previously described, this cams the upper end of the cutting blade 120 counterclockwise, as viewed in FIG. 10, to urge the cutting edge 158 into cutting relation with the workpiece 168. I

When the driving arbor is retracted, the spindle 110 and sleeve 128 will remain stationary due to the force exerted by the spring 144, and the camming sleeve 126 will retract with the shank 112 until the pin 118 strikes upper end 169 of the slot 116. At this time, the cutting edge 158 will be completely retracted within the spindle 110 and continued upward movement of the driving arbor will withdraw the spindle 110 from the bore of the workpiece 1611.

Referring to FIG. 12, another form of the invention is comprised of elements similar to those illustrated in FIGS. 9 through 11 with the exception that the axis of tapered surface 170 on the lower end of a camming sleeve 172 is not displaced from the axis of the remainder of the cutting tool. Instead, the variation in the depth of cut of a cutting edge 174 mounted on the lower end of cutting blade 176 by a body 178 is obtained by screwing the body 178 into a threaded aperture 180 in the lower end of the cutting blade 176 so that the cutting edge 174 can be moved laterally. A set screw 182 also screwed into the lower end of the cutting blade 176 so as to bear against the body 17 8 is provided for locking the body 178 in the desired position.

In this manner, the depth of cut may be very simply adjusted by moving the body having the cutting edge without having to change the position of the tapered surface 178 relative to the upper end of the cutting blade 176. Therefore, with this construction, the camming sleeve 172 need not be mounted for rotation relative to shank 184 which simplifies the construction. Instead, the camming sleeve may be press fit or otherwise securely mounted on the shank, or the lower end of the shank itself may have the tapered surface 178 formed thereon, as illustrated in FIG. 2.

What is claimed is:

1. A cutting tool for machining both ends of a bore in a workpiece in one operation comprising, a spindle, a fixed cutting blade mounted on the lower end of said spindle for machining the upper end of said bore, a second cutting blade pivotally mounted on the lower end of the spindle for machining the lower end of the bore, a shank slidably keyed to the upper end of the spindle, said shank having the upper end thereof adapted to fit within a driving arbor and a cam surface on the lower end thereof, said cam surface being adapted to pivot the second cutting blade into cutting position when the shank advances relative to the spindle, an adjustable st-op collar mounted on said spindle for halting the downward advancement of the spindle after the first cutting blade has completed its cut and the second cutting blade is positioned relative to the workpiece, and spring means disposed between the top of the spindle and the shank for preventing the advancement of the shank relative to the spindle until after the stop collar has positioned the second cutting blade relative to the lower end of said bore.

2. A cutting tool for machining both ends of a bore in a workpiece in one operation comprising, a spindle, a shank slidably keyed to the upper end of said spindle so as to prevent relative rotation and permit limited relative longitudinal movement therebetween, said shank having the upper end thereof adapted to fit within a driving arbor and a cam surface on the lower end thereof, a fixed cutting blade mounted on the lower end of said spindle for machining the upper end of said bore, a second cutting blade pivotally mounted within the lower end of said spindle for machining the lower end of the bore, an adjustable stop collar mounted on the spindle for halting the downward advancement of the spindle after the fixed cutting blade has completed its out and the second cutting blade is positioned relative to the workpiece, a locking sleeve extending over and slidably keyed to the lower end of thetshank for locking the adjustable stop collar against rotation, and spring means disposed between the top of the spindle and the shank for preventing the advancement the shank advances relative to the spindle, stop means for positioning the spindle relative .to said workpiece, spring,

means for urging the shank and spindle apart, a body having a cutting edge thereon, and means for adjustably mountingthe body on said spindle whereby the cutting edge is moved into cutting relation with the adjacent edge of said bore and finishes its out when the stop means engages the work which occurs when the cutting blade is in position to cut the other edge of the bore which occurs when it is pivoted by the cam surface on the shank on the further advancement thereof.

4. A cutting tool adapted to be fitted to a driving arbor for machining both ends of a bore in a workpiece in one operation comprising, a spindle, a first cutting blade mounted on the lower end of the spindlefor machining the upper end of said bore, a second cutting blade movably mounted on the lower end of the spindle for machining the lower end of said bore, said cutting blades being disposed, in spaced, relation to each other, stop means mounted on said spindle for halting thedown- Ward advancement of the spindle after the first cutting blade has completed its cut and the second cutting blade is positioned relative to the workpiece, and camming means for thereafter moving said second cutting blade into cutting relation with the lower end of said bore, said carnming means moves the second blade a predetermined amount after which the camrning meanscan advance without moving the second blade to provide an override feature for preventing tool breakage.

References Cited by theExaminer UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,359,859 10/44 Jarvis 77--73.5 2,383,050 8/45 Esson.

2,706,421 4/55 Fried et al.

2,716,360 8/58 Cogsdill et al.

2,848,912 8/58 Kalat.

2,899,851 8/59 Grobecker 77-66 WILLIAM W. DYER, In, Primary Examiner.

FRANK H. BRONAUGH, Examiner. 1 

4. A CUTTING TOOL ADAPTED TO BE FITTED TO A DRIVING ARBOR FOR MACHINING BOTH ENDS OF A BORE IN A WORKPIECE IN ONE OPERATION COMPRISING, A SPINDLE, A FIRST CUTTING BLADE MOUNTED ON THE LOWER END OF THE SPINDLE FOR MACHINING THE UPPER END OF SAID BORE, A SECOND CUTTING BLADE MOVABLY MOUNTED ON THE LOWER END OF THE SPINDLE FOR MACHINING THE LOWER END OF SAID BORE, SAID CUTTING BLADES BEING DISPOSED IN SPACED RELATION TO EACH OTHER, STOP MEANS MOUNTED ON SAID SPINDLE FOR HALTING THE DOWNWARD ADVANCEMENT OF THE SPINDLE AFTER THE FIRST CUTTING BLADE HAS COMPLETED ITS CUT AND THE SECOND CUTTING BLADE IS POSITIONED RELATIVE TO THE WORKPIECE, AND CAMMING MEANS FOR THEREAFTER MOVING SAID SECOND CUTTING BLADE INTO CUTTING RELATION WITH THE LOWER END OF SAID BORE, SAID CAMMING MEANS MOVES THE SECOND BLADE A PREDETERMINED AMOUNT AFTER WHICH THE CAMMING MEANS CAN ADVANCE WITHOUT MOVING THE SECOND BLADE TO PROVIDE AN OVERRIDE FEATURE FOR PREVENTING TOOL BREAKAGE. 